Electrons released when cosmic rays strike water-ice can provide energy for microbes and facilitate the formation of complex ...

On the frozen surface of Jupiter’s moon Europa, a strange, star-shaped scar has become an unlikely focal point in the search ...

From mudstones on Mars to strange gases in exoplanet atmospheres, tentative evidence for extraterrestrial life is starting to ...

Earth’s deep-sea hydrothermal vents provide a model for understanding how life could exist on Europa. Holden’s team is studying how vent microbes generate energy using hydrogenases to predict what ...