Adam Hayes, Ph.D., CFA, is a financial writer with 15+ years Wall Street experience as a derivatives trader. Besides his extensive derivative trading expertise, Adam is an expert in economics and ...

A higher Sortino ratio can indicate a good return relative to the risk taken. The Sortino ratio focuses on downside volatility, while the Sharpe ratio considers both upside and downside volatility in ...

Global optimisation of sum of ratios problems represents a formidable challenge in contemporary applied mathematics and operations research. Such problems involve objective functions that are ...