Abstract: We revisit the Karagiannidis-Lioumpas (KL) approximation of the Q-function by optimizing its coefficients in terms of absolute error, relative error and ...

Abstract: Fuzzy rough set (FRS) theory is generally used to measure the uncertainty of data. However, this theory cannot work well when the class density of a data distribution differs greatly. In ...

First-order derivatives: n additional function calls are needed. Second-order derivatives based on gradient calls, when the "grd" module is specified (Dennis and Schnabel 1983): n additional gradient ...

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