Abstract: This paper introduces a powertrain optimization methodology aimed at optimizing powertrain parameters in hybrid electric vehicles. A Simulink model of a control-oriented hybrid electric ...

Abstract: The power split strategy (PSS) is essential for optimizing the efficiency of dual-motor powertrains (DMPs) in electric vehicles (EVs). This article addresses the online power split ...

Engine, Transmission, and Performance The Tacoma's hybrid powertrain is called i-Force Max, and it pumps out 326 horses and a strong 465 pound-feet of torque. It features an electric motor between the ...

HIGHS Comfortable ride on-road, massively capable off-road, electric assistance makes it peppy off the line. LOWS Hybrid battery reduces cargo space, no available third row, only moderate fuel-economy ...